Learn How Your Diet Can Lead to Serious Diseases

• Cardiac-related illness affects 81 million Americans and remains the number one killer of both men and women.
• The lifetime risk for developing CVD in the US is 1 in 2 for men and 1 in 3 for women.
• Between 2014 and 2030, the American Heart Association predicts an increase in all forms of cardiovascular disease.
• This places the number of American adults with some form of heart disease at roughly 110 million.

• Affects 74.5 million Americans (34% population)
• Major risk factor for heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure and kidney disease
• 36% Americans have prehypertension

• An additional 27 million people with Elevated blood pressure.
• An additional 8 million with coronary heart disease
• An additional 4 million with increased risk for stroke
• An additional 3million with heart failure.
• There are ~1 million CVD deaths each year in the USA

• 106.9 million people diagnosed
• 94 million not treated
• High Blood Pressure
• 65 million individuals with diagnosed hypertension
• 27 million not treated
• Elevated Blood Glucose
• 14.6 million individuals diagnosed
• 6.2 million individuals undiagnosed
• Patients with Increased Cardiovascular Risk
• 18.4 million people per year

• Affects 24 million 20+ y/o Americans (11% population)
• Majority type 2 (influenced by diet & exercise)
• 35% of Americans are pre-diabetic

• 41% of Americans will be diagnosed with cancer during their lifetime (per NCI)
• Dietary factors are associated with risk of some types of cancer: breast (post menopausal), endometrial, colon, kidney, mouth, pharynx, larynx and esophagus

MORE:

TV/Computer
Work
Stress
Processed Food
Environmental
Contaminants
Oxidative Stress
Prescription Drugs

LESS:

Sleep
Exercise
Quality Food

• Can people get what they need from the US Diet?
• USDA reports that many Americans get less than 70% of the RDA of many essential minerals and antioxidants
• Countless studies link a host of diseases (including atherosclerosis, heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes) to our highly processed diet which is high in saturated fats, caffeine and refined carbohydrates.

We do not eat enough fruits, vegetables and proteins.

• A landmark University of Texas study by Donald Davis
• Journal of the American College of Nutrition.
• They studied U.S. Department of Agriculture nutritional data over a 50 year span for 43 different vegetables and fruits
• FINDINGS: “reliable declines” in the amount of protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron, riboflavin (vitamin B2) and vitamin C over the past half century.
• Davis study: protein and vitamins median declines in 43 garden crops (nearly all vegetables) amounting to 6% for reduction for vegetable proteins and 15% to 38% for three of the five vitamins studied. Carbohydrate dry weight was statistically significant increase above the median value. Minerals Calcium & Iron depletion greater than one standard

• Percentage of Americans with Inadequate Intakes from Food Based on
• Daily Values (RDA or AI) from NHANES 2001-2006

90% of Americans fall short of essential nutrients

Data Source: USDA, ARS, Food Survey Lab

Mosfeghet al 2005, 2001-2002 NHANES Nutrient Intake

Mosfegh et al 2009, 2005-2006 NHANES Nutrient Intake

• Average American adult gets 6.5 hours of sleep each night.
• That is nearly 20% less sleep than the average in the 1950’s.
• Your body needs 7.5
• 9 hours for optimal function.
• Studies show that more than 50% of American adults lose sleep due to stress.
• Poor sleep is implicated in:
• Cardiovascular disease
• Obesity
• Depression and Anxiety

It’s all Connected

• Physical Inactivity
• Poor Dietary Habits
• Poor Micronutrient Status
• Obesity
• Sleep Concerns

Nutrient Supplementation

Marra et al, J. of Am. Diet Assoc. (2009) 109:2073-2085

• Highlight the fact the best nutritional strategy is consume a wide variety of nutrient-rich foods
• Acknowledge additional nutrients from supplements can be helpful (science based nutritional standards)
• Consumers may not be well informed about safety and efficacy of supplements (role of dietetics practitioners)
• Aim of publication is to increase awareness re: supplementation issues and to identify available resources for practitioners
• Give specific examples when supplementation should be considered (e.g. Vit D –infants, children, adolescents)

Lifestyle changes also can be reframed not only as preventing chronic diseases but also as reversing the progression of these illnesses...What we eat, how we respond to stress,... how much exercise we get, and the quality of our relationships... may be as powerful as drugs and surgery in treating (not just preventing) many chronic diseases

• Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010:
• The Dietary Guidelines recognize that “dietary supplements/ fortification of certain foods may be advantageous in specific situations to increase the intake of a specific vitamin or mineral.”
• American Heart Association (Folate, Omega-3’s)
• American Medical Association (Multivitamin 1-2/day)
• Tufts-Nutrition Research Center (Antioxidant)
• Harvard School of Public Health (Multivitamin + Vit D)